Mycelium, tiny fibers of fungus, form underground networks connecting trees and plants. This allows them to exchange nutrients, water, and even chemical signals, similar to an internet for ecosystems.
Mycorrhizal fungi form mutualistic associations with around 80% of plant species. They supply plants with nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen in exchange for sugars produced through photosynthesis.
Large, older trees, often called “mother trees,” distribute nutrients to younger or weaker saplings through these networks, supporting the overall health of the forest.
Mycelium networks enable plants to warn each other of threats, such as pest attacks. A tree under attack can signal others, prompting them to strengthen their chemical defenses.
Mycorrhizal fungi facilitate carbon movement between plants. For example, shaded saplings often receive carbon from sunlit trees via these networks.
Mycelium plays a critical role in decomposing organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the soil and fostering ecosystem productivity.
